Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disorder associated with progressive inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung tissue. The leading cause of the disorder is unknown. Individuals…
First-line treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) usually involves an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an oral beta blocker, or an oral diuretic. The addition of a second- or third-…
Although heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for approximately half of all chronic heart failure cases and understanding of the disease’s pathophysiology has improved…
Drug treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is well established, with a wealth of supporting evidence from clinical trials. ACE inhibitors or ARBs, beta blockers…
TNF-alpha inhibitors (e.g., Janssen’s Remicade, AbbVie’s Humira) are the mainstay of biological treatment for moderate to severe Crohn’s disease (CD), while non-TNF biologics (i.e., Takeda’…
Children with Crohn’s disease (CD) have a more-complicated disease course compared with adult patients. Historically, treatment of pediatric CD would begin with safe, albeit often less-…
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressively worsening motor symptoms. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease in China comprises a broad range of…