Alopecia areata (AA) is an inflammatory autoimmune skin disease characterized by the targeting of anagen hair follicles by the host immune system, resulting in varying degrees of hair loss. Topical…
Wet age-related macular degeneration (also known as exudative or neovascular AMD) is characterized by leakage from newly formed blood vessels, distorting the surface of the retina and causing…
Chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) encompasses various chronic urticaria subtypes caused by specific triggers. CIndU seems to be more resistant than chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) to standard…
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a complication stemming from the long-term use of levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD); it causes abnormal involuntary movements. Surveyed neurologists…
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive development and enlargement of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, accompanied by symptoms…
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intermittent relapsing disorder of the large intestine and rectum. Treatment typically begins with conventional agents (e.g., 5-aminosalicylic acids [5-ASAs])…
The HIV therapy market is crowded with many approved antiretroviral therapies (ARVs). Growth in this market is being driven by the increasing acceptance of new, high-priced ARVs, particularly the…
Several effective anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators are available for controlling mild or moderate asthma. However, despite the availability of long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs…
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disease in which scarring occurs to the glomeruli. Patients with FSGS typically present with nephrotic syndrome, involving edema and…