趕上創新研究的腳步已非易事，協助推進創新研究又難上加難，尤其對新進學者而言更是如此。幸運的是，並非總是需要在實驗室耗費多年時間才能完成研究。最新的《研究前沿》 (Research Fronts) 報告有助於快速瞭解整個科學領域的熱門新興研究。我們會分享此報告所提及的論文，並說明您應該參與的理由和參與方式。
創新研究從何找起
科學研究的生態不斷擴展演變。每天都有新的發現，許多的研究都出自於最意想不到的地方。
只要掌握最新突破點，學者就能獲得洞燭機先的優勢，如此有助於瞭解科學議題中的各種動態、增加發現的機率，並發掘全新且具有吸引力的研究機會。
學者時常提及同儕審查對此帶來的助益，他們藉由審查來掌握新的發現，不僅有助於提高論文品質，也能啟發新的研究構思與方法，對自身的專案帶來幫助。
然而，問題在於並非所有學者都會接到同儕審查的邀請 ，也很難在百忙中抽出時間承擔此任務，尤其是並非自身專業領域的論文（這兩點是許多學者 拒絕審查邀請的主要原因）。
構想、作者和審稿人的多樣性，是研究領域蓬勃發展的關鍵。
— 昆士蘭大學觀光學系教授 Sara Dolnicar
您可能無法一次收到多種的研究報告，我們為時間寶貴的您分享一份精彩的報告，讓您快速瞭解整個科學領域中討論度逐間升高的新研究。
追尋引用文獻的軌跡
科睿唯安與中國科學院於 2019 年底共同發表了《2019 年研究前沿》年度報告，確立 2013 年至 2018 年科學研究中最熱門且新興的專業研究領域。
該報告採用美國科學資訊研究所 (Institute for Scientific Information，簡稱ISI) 於 1970 年代開發的研究方法，此方法至今仍受到青睞。研究中的引用文獻隨時間逐漸累積，從而呈現出各領域中研究發現改良的軌跡。藉由定期追蹤這類的引用文獻，並解析論文的引用模式和分類（尤其是經常被同時引用的論文集群），《研究前沿》才由此成形。
從這些構成研究前沿的資料中，可以看出從事相關科學探究主題的學者之間的連結，即使這些學者的背景可能不屬於相同的領域或學科。
這些充滿活力的研究領域讓此報告更值得一讀，其突顯出傳統學科可能相互融合的地方，以及新興多樣的研究調查。
參與創新研究
最有價值的審查任務，總是能挑戰自身的成見和理論。
— 倫敦國王學院神經生理學家暨名譽講師 Jeremy Bland
前面提到，同儕審查是絕佳的方式，有助於掌握研究領域中最新的創新研究。事實上，並非只有透過傳統的發表前同儕審查 (pre-publication peer review) 模式才能有此效益，發表後同儕審查 (post-publication peer review) 也同樣適用。
發表後同儕審查以公開透明的方式支持並塑造研究，並且是最有助於在發表之後促進形成科學論述的方式之一。
舉例來說，在有效利用發表後同儕審查的情況下，學者可以即時使用新的資料編輯或更新研究內容，進而有利於更快速地向全世界發表值得信賴的研究結果。
這能造就極為有力的結果，尤其是用於在熱門且新興的研究領域中推進論文的情況下……
透過 Publons 推進研究前沿
考量以上所述，我們提供了最新《研究前沿》報告中幾項 2019 年以來熱門且新興的研究前沿。這些論文列於下方供您參閱，並可在 Publons 上建立發表後同儕審查檔案。
如欲在 Publons 新增發表後同儕審查檔案：
- 點選下方您感興趣的任何論文
- 點選「投稿」(Contribute) 區段下方的「新增審稿」(Add Review) 按鈕
- 您會前往「個人儀表板」(Private Dashboard)。在此處選擇「發表後審查」(post-publication review)
- 在畫面底部的內容框中編寫您的審查意見
- 選擇顯示喜好設定
- 點選「提交審查」(Submit Review)。
您還可以根據「品質」(Quality) 和「重要性」(Significance) 對下方的任何論文進行「評分」(Score)。透過評分可以快速瞭解專家（同儕審查社群中的學者）如何評價原稿。「品質」旨在衡量論文的研究方法和嚴謹程度，而「重要性」則代表新穎程度，以及與其領域和期刊的相關性。
如欲對論文進行評分：
- 點選下方您感興趣的任何論文
- 點選「投稿」(Contribute) 區段下方的「論文評分」(Score Paper) 按鈕
對新進學者的最後提醒
您想進行審查，但是從未收到邀請？或者您亟欲對創新大膽的研究進行審稿，以提升自己的同儕審查技能？發表後同儕審查是培養審查能力的實用方法，其原因如下。透過此方法，您可以：
- 從新研究學習並給予評論
- 展示您在專業領域的技能和專業知識
- 有機會與同行學者進行交流
- 瞭解其他學者如何看待新研究並從中學習
熱點前沿 (Hot research fronts) 與新興前沿 (Emerging research fronts)
若您想了解這些前沿的遴選方法，請下載 2019 研究前沿報告。若您想瀏覽這些文章全文，可下載免費的全文搜尋工具 Kopernio，讓您輕鬆一鍵獲取合法全文。
農業、植物和動物學
Hot research front: The jasmonate signaling mechanism for regulation of plant growth and defense
- High-level semi-synthetic production of the potent antimalarial artemisinin Paddon, C. et al., Nature, 2013
Hot research front: Application of unmanned aerial systems in crop phenotyping
- Field high-throughput phenotyping: the new crop breeding frontier, Araus, J. L., Cairns, J. E., Trends in Plant Science, 2014
Emerging research front: The mechanism of rice OsAUX1 gene in promoting root hair elongation under low phosphorus conditions
- Molecular link between auxin and ROS-mediated polar growth, Mangano, S, et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017
生態與環境科學
Hot research front: The environmental character, human exposure and health risk of endocrine disruptors
- EDC-2: The Endocrine Society’s Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Gore, A. C. et al., Endocrine Reviews, 2015
Hot research front: Phosphorus loads and pollution and health risk of cyanobacterial blooms
- Record-setting algal bloom in Lake Erie caused by agricultural and meteorological trends consistent with expected future conditions, Michalak, A. M., et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013
Emerging research front: Effects of environmental pollutants on gut microbiota
- Effects of environmental pollutants on gut microbiota, Jin, Y., et al., Environmental Pollution, 2017
地球科學
Hot research front: CESM and RCP8.5-based studies of climate change
- The Community Earth System Model A Framework for Collaborative Research, Hurrell, J. W., et al., Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2013
Hot research Front: Pollution and environmental risk control of heavy metals in major mineral deposits in China
- A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China: Pollution and health risk assessment, Li, Z., et al., Science of the Total Environment, 2014
Emerging research front: Effects of thermal-damage on mechanical behavior of rock
- An experimental investigation on thermal damage and failure mechanical behavior of granite after exposure to different high temperature treatments, Yang, S., et al., Geothermics, 2017
臨床醫學
Hot research front: Efficacy and safety of infliximab biosimilar
- Capillary pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow in health and disease Hall, C., et al., Nature, 2014
Hot research front: Efficacy and safety of infliximab biosimilar
- A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study to demonstrate equivalence in efficacy and safety of CT-P13 compared with innovator infliximab when coadministered with methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: the PLANETRA study, Yoo, D. H., et al., Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2013
Emerging research front: Clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable coronary artery disease
- Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina (ORBITA): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial, Al-Lamee, R., et al., The Lancet, 2018
生物科學
Hot research front: Plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance gene
- Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study, Liu, YY., et al., The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2016
Hot research front: Cas13: a new CRISPR system targeting RNA
- An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems, Makarova, K. S., et al., Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2015
Emerging research front: Circular RNA as a novel biomarker for cancer
- Downregulated circular RNA hsacirc0001649 regulates proliferation, migration and invasion in cholangiocarcinoma cells, Xu, Y., et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2018
化學與材料科學
Hot research front: Molecular machines
- Artificial Molecular Machines, Erbas-Cakmak, S., et al., Chemical Reviews, 2015
Hot research front: Solar steam generation
- Solar Vapor Generation Enabled by Nanoparticles, Neumann, O., et al., ACS Nano, 2012
Emerging research front: Difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes via distal functional group migration strategy
- Chemo- and Regioselective Distal Heteroaryl ipso-Migration: A General Protocol for Heteroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes, Wu, Z., et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017
物理學
Hot research front: Studies of Majorana fermions in condensed matter physics
- Search for Majorana Fermions in Superconductors, C.W.J. Beenakker, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, 2013
Hot research front: New deep-UV nonlinear optical materials
- Designing a Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Material with a Large Second Harmonic Generation Response, Wu, H., et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013
Emerging research front: Studies of B-physics anomalies
- Gauge leptoquark as the origin of B-physics anomalies, Di Luzio, L., Physical Review D, 2017
天文與天文物理學
Hot research front: Observational and theoretical research on binary black-hole mergers
- Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger, Abbott, B. P., et al., Physical Review Letters, 2016
Hot research front: Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger GW170817
- An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi-GBM Detection of GRB 170817A, Goldstein, A., et al., Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2017
Emerging research front: Investigations of dark matter in the early universe with 21 cm line observations
- Possible interaction between baryons and dark-matter particles revealed by the first stars, Barkana, R., Nature, 2018
數學、電腦科學與工程學
Hot research front: Data security in the cloud computing environment
- A Secure and Dynamic Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Scheme over Encrypted Cloud Data Xia, Z., et al., IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2016
Hot research front: State of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles
- A data-driven multi-scale extended Kalman filtering based parameter and state estimation approach of lithium-ion polymer battery in electric vehicles, Xiong, R., et al., Applied Energy, 2014
Emerging research front: Application of convolutional neural network in magnetic resonance image processing
- MR-based synthetic CT generation using a deep convolutional neural network method Han, X., Medical Physics, 2017
經濟學、心理學及其他社會科學
Hot research front: fMRI method for brain functional structure and connection pattern
- Functional connectome fingerprinting: identifying individuals using patterns of brain connectivity, Finn, S., Nature Neuroscience, 2015
Hot research front: Decomposition analysis method for energy and carbon emissions
- Outsourcing CO2 within China, Feng, K., et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013
Emerging research front: Industry 4.0 and its applications
- Past, present and future of Industry 4.0-a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal, Liao, Y., et al., International Journal of Production Research, 2017
