{"id":15503,"date":"2024-10-07T10:53:24","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T01:53:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clarivate.com\/ko\/?p=15503"},"modified":"2024-11-06T02:56:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T02:56:24","slug":"beyond-animal-testing-the-rise-of-organs-on-chips-technology-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clarivate.com\/life-sciences-healthcare\/ko\/blog\/beyond-animal-testing-the-rise-of-organs-on-chips-technology-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c: \uc7a5\uae30 \uce69(organs-on-chips) \uae30\uc220\uc758 \ubd80\uc0c1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Sonia Giral Lopez<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uc81c\ud488\uc6b4\uc601\ubd80\uc11c \uc774\uc0ac<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud074\ub798\ub9ac\ubca0\uc774\ud2b8<\/strong><\/p>\n

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2022\ub144 12\uc6d4, \ubc14\uc774\ub4e0 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 \uc2e0\uc57d\uc774 FDA\uc2b9\uc778\uc744 \ubc1b\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2e4\ud5d8\uc744 \ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc95\uc5d0<\/a> \uc11c\uba85\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ub3d9\ubb3c \ubcf5\uc9c0 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \uc694\uad6c\ud574\uc628 \ubcc0\ud654\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \uc758\uc57d\ud488\uc740 \uc9c0\ub09c 10~15\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub41c \ube44\ub3d9\ubb3c \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \uc778\uccb4 \uc784\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2b9\uc778 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uae30\uc220\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0,\uc774 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc758\uc57d\ud488 \uc2b9\uc778 \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \uc989\uac01\uc801\uc778 \ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2e4\ud5d8\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uace0\ub300 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc640 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ubb38\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \uc62c\ub77c\uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4. 19\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0dd\ub9ac\ud559 \ubc0f \uc57d\ub9ac\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \ud544\uc218 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 20\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc758\uc57d\ud488 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. FDA\ubc0f EMA\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uad00\ub4e4\uc740 1937\ub144 \uc124\ud30c\ub2d0\uc544\ubbf8\ub4dc \uc5d8\ub9ad\uc11c \uc911\ub3c5\uc0ac\uac74\uc774\ub098, 1950~60\ub144\ub300 \ud0c8\ub9ac\ub3c4\ub9c8\uc774\ub4dc \ube44\uadf9\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc7ac\ub09c \uc774\ud6c4 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc784\uc0c1 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc9c0\uce68\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (S\u00e1ntha, 2020) \uc774\ud6c4, \ub3d9\ubb3c \uae30\ubc18 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc740 \uc57d\ubb3c\uc758 \uc548\uc815\uc131\uacfc \ud6a8\ub2a5\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4 \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \ud45c\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac\uc7a1\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\ub3d9\ubb3c \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc744 \uc904\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, \uc804\uc784\uc0c1 \uac1c\ubc1c \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ube44\uc309\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac01 \ud654\ud569\ubb3c\ub2f9 \uc218\uc2ed\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc5d0 \uc774\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8, \uc778\uac04\uacfc \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc5d0 \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ub3d9\ubb3c \uc885 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub3d9\ubb3c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc801\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6b0\ub824\uac00 \uc81c\uae30\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ubc1c\ud45c\ub41c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uccb4\uc678(in vitro) \ubc0f \uc778 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf54(in silico) \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815 \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9 \uc608\uce21\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\ubb3c \ubaa8\ub378\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \uc131\uacfc\ub97c \ubcf4\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\uac04 \uc2ec\uadfc\uc138\ud3ec \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uc778 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf54 \uc57d\ubb3c \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \uc784\uc0c1 \ubd80\uc815\ub9e5 \uc608\uce21\uc5d0\uc11c 89%\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc600\uace0, \ub3d9\ubb3c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\uc744 \ub54c\ub294 75%\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\ub97c \uae30\ub85d\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(Passini, 2017).<\/p>\n

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\ubb3c\ub860 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \uace0\ub824 \uc0ac\ud56d\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 3R (\ub300\uccb4, \uac10\uc18c, \uac1c\uc120)\uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0<\/a> \ub530\ub77c \ub3d9\ubb3c \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc744 \ube44\uc784\uc0c1 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uccb4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc5ec \uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\ub7fd\uc5f0\ud569 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2e4\ud5d8 \ub300\uccb4\ubc95 \ucc38\uc870 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c(EURL ECVAM<\/a>) \ubc0f \ubbf8\uad6d \uc2dd\ud488\uc758\uc57d\uad6d(FDA)\uc758 \ub300\uccb4\ubc95 \ubc1c\uc804 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c(AAMS<\/a>) \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uad00\uc740 \ube44\ub3d9\ubb3c \uc811\uadfc\ubc95\uc758 \uac1c\ubc1c \ubc0f \ud64d\ubcf4\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ub178\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\ub300\uccb4 \uae30\uc220 \ubc0f \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\uc0ac\uccb4\ud559 \ubc0f \ub300\uc0ac\uccb4\ud559\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c, \uc138\ud3ec \uae30\ubc18 \ubd84\uc11d, \uac04 \ubc0f \uc2ec\uc7a5 \ub3c5\uc131 \uc608\uce21\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9dd\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900 3D\ubc14\uc774\uc624\ud504\ub9b0\ud305 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uc624\uac00\ub178\uc774\ub4dc\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uacf5\ud559 \uc870\uc9c1, \uc778\uac04 \uc0dd\ub9ac\ub97c \ubaa8\ubc29\ud55c \uc7a5\uae30\uce69((Organ-on-chip: OoC) \ubc0f \ubbf8\uc138 \uc0dd\ub9ac\ud559 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c(MPS), \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1 \ubc0f \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158(\uba38\uc2e0\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubc0f \uc778\uacf5 \uc9c0\ub2a5 \ud3ec\ud568)\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc81c\ube0c\ub77c\ud53c\uc2dc \ubc0f \ucd08\ud30c\ub9ac\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub300\uccb4 \uc0dd\ubb3c\uccb4\ub3c4 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(FDA, 2023).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc7a5\uae30\uce69\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815\/\ud45c\uc801 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc801 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub2e8\uc704\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f\/\ub610\ub294 \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ub41c \uc18c\ud615\ud654\ub41c \uc0dd\ub9ac\ud559\uc801 \ud658\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \ubbf8\uc138 \uc0dd\ub9ac\ud559 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc73c\ub85c, \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud604\ubbf8\uacbd \uc2ac\ub77c\uc774\ub4dc\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud06c\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(R, 2023). \uc870\uc808\ub41c \ub3d9\uc801 \uc124\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uccb4 \uc870\uc9c1\uc758 \ubbf8\uc138 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uc7ac\ud604\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc124\uc815\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \uc0c1\ud638 \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uac04 \uce69 \ub514\ubc14\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0\ub294 iPSC \uc720\ub798 \uac04\uc138\ud3ec, \ub0b4\ud53c \uc138\ud3ec, \ucfe0\ud37c \uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\uc778\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc7a5\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2e8\uc77c \uc7a5\uae30\uce69\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc7a5\uae30 \uac04\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uacfc \uc804\uc2e0\uc801 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc774 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uc5ec \uc57d\ubb3c\uc758 \uc57d\ub9ac\ud559\uc801 \ubc0f \ub3d9\ud0dc\ud559\uc801(PK\/PD) \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc7a5\uae30 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc744 \ub354 \uae4a\uc774 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370\ub294 \ud55c\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc911 \uc7a5\uae30\uce69(Multi-OoC)\uc774 \ub098\uc654\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uc758 \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 “\ubc14\ub514 \uc628 \uc5b4 \uce69(Body on a chip)” \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc7a5\uae30 \uac04\uc758 \ube44\uc728, \uc608\uc0c1 \uc720\ub7c9, \ubc30\uc9c0 \ubc0f \uc0c1\ud638 \uad00\ub828 \uae30\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8, \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc740 \uc7a5\uae30\uce69\uc758 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uc124\uacc4 \ubc0f \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud574\uc11d\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac1c\uc120\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4(Deng, 2023).<\/p>\n

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\uc77c\ubd80 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc7a5\uae30\uce69\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc774 \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadfc\uc704 \uc138\ub1e8\uad00 \uc7a5\uae30\uce69\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec SPC-5001\uc758 \uc2e0\ub3c5\uc131\uc744 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uce21\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uc57d\ubb3c\uc740 1\uc0c1 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\ub3c5\uc131\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0dd\uc950 \ubc0f \ube44\uc778\uac04 \uc601\uc7a5\ub958\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc784\uc0c1 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(Nieskens, 2021). 870\uac1c\uc758 \uac04 \uce69\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc, 27\uac1c\uc758 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \uac04\ub3c5\uc131 \ubc0f \ube44\ub3c5\uc131 \uc57d\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 87%\uc758 \ubbfc\uac10\ub3c4\uc640 100%\uc758 \ud2b9\uc774\uc131\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(Ewart, 2022). \ub610\ud55c, \ud608\uad00 \uce69\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 CD40L\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2e8\uc77c\ud074\ub860\ud56d\uccb4 Hu5c8\uc758 \ud608\uc804 \ucd09\uc9c4 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc804\uc784\uc0c1 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc608\uae30\uce58 \uc54a\uc740 \ud608\uc804 \ud569\ubcd1\uc99d\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc784\uc0c1 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(Barrile, 2018).<\/p>\n

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\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub3d9\ubb3c \uc2e4\ud5d8 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc57d\ubb3c \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ube44 \uc784\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ubcf4\uc644\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc0dd\uccb4 \ub0b4 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \uc7ac\ud604\ud558\uae30\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc5b4\ub835\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubcc0\ud654\uc758 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub294 \ub290\ub9ac\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\ubc1c\ub41c \uc0c8\ub86d\uace0 \ud601\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \ub3d9\ubb3c \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub300\uccb4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc2e4\ud604\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\uccb4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\uace0 \uac80\uc99d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \uc790\uae08\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc7a5\uc560\ubb3c\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (Nuwer, 2022; Anon., 2024).<\/p>\n

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Cortellis Drug Discovery IntelligenceTM<\/sup>\u00a0Experimental Models \uc740 \uc624\uac00\ub178\uc774\ub4dc \ubc0f \uc7a5\uae30\uce69\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ube44\ub3d9\ubb3c \uccb4\uc678 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\ub4e4\uc740 \uce58\ub8cc\uc81c\uc758 \ud6a8\ub2a5\uc774\ub098 \uc548\uc815\uc131\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc138\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8 \uc194\ub8e8\uc158\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\uc73c\uc2e0 \ubd84\ub4e4\uc740\u00a0Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence Platform <\/a>\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc2dc\uac70\ub098 \uc800\ud76c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5f0\ub77d<\/a>\uc8fc\uc2dc\uae30 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\ucc38\uace0\uc790\ub8cc<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Anon., 2024. Animal research is not always king: researchers should explore the alternatives. Nature, 631(8021).<\/li>\n
  2. Barrile, R., 2018. Organ-on-Chip Recapitulates Thrombosis Induced by an anti-CD154 Monoclonal Antibody: Translational Potential of Advanced Microengineered Systems. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 104(6), pp. 1240-1248.<\/li>\n
  3. Deng, S., 2023. Organ-on-a-chip meets artificial intelligence in drug evaluation. Theranostics, 13(3), pp. 4526-4558.<\/li>\n
  4. Ewart, L., 2022. Performance assessment and economic analysis of a human Liver-Chip for predictive toxicology. Communications Medicine, 2(1).<\/li>\n
  5. Nieskens, T. T. G., 2021. Nephrotoxic antisense oligonucleotide SPC5001 induces kidney injury biomarkers in a proximal tubule-on-a-chip. Archives of Toxicology, 95(6), pp. 2123-2136.<\/li>\n
  6. Nuwer, R., 2022. US agency seeks to phase out animal testing. Nature.<\/li>\n
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    \n[Accessed 1 10 2024].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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